AML

AML (Anti-Money Laundering) is the set of controls that watch for suspicious activity after a customer is onboarded — unusual transaction patterns, sanctions hits, unexplained large deposits, layering through multiple accounts. When something trips a threshold, the institution is legally required to file a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) with the local regulator, often without telling the customer. It's the dynamic counterpart to KYC: KYC establishes identity once, AML monitors behaviour forever. In practice most AML work is done by RegTech platforms — pure rule engines and ML models would have too many false positives, so analysts still review the flagged cases.